When we talk about air conditioning and refrigeration, we know that the proper functioning of each component is vital for the system to function effectively. One of the essential components are capacitors, which provide the energy needed to start and keep the compressor motor and fan running. But what is a capacitor? How does it work? In this guide, you will learn everything about capacitors in air conditioning and refrigeration.

What is a capacitor in air conditioning and refrigeration?

A capacitor in air conditioning and refrigeration is a device that stores electrical energy in an electrostatic field. When charged, it can instantly release power to jump start an engine. In an air conditioning system, capacitors are necessary for proper operation of the fan motor and compressor.

Capacitor Types

In the air conditioning and refrigeration industry, there are three main types of capacitors: start, run, and run/start.

Start Capacitors: Used to start the compressor and fan motor. They are used when the voltage needed to start the motor is too high to provide the run capacitors.

Run Capacitors: Used to keep the compressor and fan motor running. Run capacitors are designed to work with the motor for extended periods of time.

Run/Start Capacitors: These are universal capacitors that can be used to both start and keep a motor running. They are useful in situations where capacitors are needed that can perform both tasks.

Signs of capacitor failure

A faulty capacitor can cause the compressor and fan motor to run erratically or not at all. Here are some signs of capacitor failure in your air conditioning or refrigeration system.

Blower motor won't turn on or shuts off

The compressor motor does not work

The fan motor is running but making strange noises

There is a hum in the air conditioner

The condenser accumulates ice

If you notice any of these faults in the system, it is essential to call a technician so that they can check and make the necessary repairs.

How to identify a faulty capacitor?

To find a faulty capacitor, it is necessary to carry out a detailed diagnosis of the system. A specialized technician will use a multimeter to measure the capacity of the capacitor and check if its charge and discharge are effective. In some cases, the fault may be visible to the naked eye, such as swelling or deformation of the capacitor.

Capacitors are an essential component in an air conditioning and refrigeration system. Although they are small, their function is essential for the correct operation of the compressor and fan motor. Regular preventative maintenance is essential to prevent system failure and prolong component life. Remember to call a specialized technician if you suspect that a capacitor is damaged or worn. We hope this guide has been useful for you to better understand capacitors in air conditioning and refrigeration.